Direct current electric motor equipment operated in connection with rotary direct current transformers



Jam 1935. G. ,M. PESTARINIY 7 DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC MOTOR EQUIPMENT OPERATED IN CONNECTION WITH ROTARY DIRECT CURRENT TRANSFORMERS Filed June 24, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOB Giuseppe M. Pestarini ATTORNEY Jan. 8,- 1935. G M PESTAR|N| 1,987,417

- DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC MOTOR EQUIPMENT OPERATED IN CONNECTION WITH ROTARY DIRECT CURRENT TRANSFORMERS Filed June 24, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Giuseppe M. Pestarini ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 8,1935 1,987,4l7i

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC MOTOR EQUIP- MENT OPERATED IN CONNECTION WITH 'ROTARY DIRECT CURRENT TRANS- FORMERS Giuseppe Massimo Pestarini, Sheffield, England Application June 24, 1933, Serial No. 677,523 In Great Britain July 28, 1932 7 Claims. (c1. 172-479) The invention relates to direct current electric For a fuller description of metadyne transmotor equipments operated in connection with formers reference is directed to the specification rotary direct current transformers of the type of French Patents No. 647855, dated 25th Febknown as and hereinafter termed metadyne ruary 1922, No. 623438, dated 27th January 1926,

transformers. and No. 637946, dated 25th November 1926. A 5

A metadyne transformer is a rotary apparatus description of the general construction and operawhich is designed to transform electric power tion of metadyne transformers, generators and supplied to it at a fixed voltage and variable ammotors treated mathematically in considerable peres into electric power at constant amperes and detail will also be found in a paper entitled Es- 10 variable voltage. The apparatus comprises in quisse sur la metadyne by G. M. Pestarini in the 10 general a rotor provided with windings connected Bulletin Scientifique A. I. M. No. 4 April 1931 to a commutator somewhat similar to. the armaof LAssociation des Ingnieurs Electriciens, pubture of a direct current dynamo electric machine, lished by the Institut Electrotechnique Montefiore, whilst ordinarily four brushes are arranged to Liege.

make contact with the commutator of which two, In a metadyne motor equipment, as the sec- 15 usually diametrically opposite each other, are ondary current is the current supplied to the used for the primary circuit and two others, which motor operated in connection with the metadyne may be diametrically opposite each other, in a transformer the motor torque and consequently different radial plane, are used for the secondaryv the speed of the motor can be changed in accircuit or circuits. The rotor is rotated at concordance with the operation of the aforesaid con- 20 stant speed. The primary current flowing in the troller as desired. The field windings ofthe motor rotor windings sets up a primary flux which is are supplied with current from an exciter the fixed in direction and may be said to be cut by armature of which may be mountedon or merotor conductors in which a voltage is thereby chanically connected with the metadyne rotor.

induced and a constant secondary current can be In order that the motor shall runzat definite 25 drawn from the secondary circuit or circuits at speeds corresponding to the different values of variable voltage. Astator may be provided which the current supplied to it, it is necessary that affords a return path of low magnetic reluctance as the desired speed is approached the torque for the fluxes which are set up by the rotor curshould thereafter diminish when the speed rises 80 rents. The stator can be furnished with windings so that a balance can be obtained at the desired by which various magnetic fluxes can be ob speed. The current through the variator winding tained, which combine with or modify the magof the metadyne and also the motor excitation netic fluxes dueto the primary and secondary should therefor be decreased as the desired speed currents circulating in the rotor and thereby regis reached.

85 ulate the electromechanical performance of the According to the present invention in order to machine. Such stator windings may include a achieve this end the field winding of the motor is winding, known as a variator" winding, which associated with the variator winding of the metais arranged to produce a flux co-axial with the dyne transformer so that variations in the current flux resulting from the secondary currents flowin the one are accompanied by corresponding ing in the armature between the secondary variations in the current in the other and both '40 brushes, so that the strength of the field due to said windings are supplied with a voltage which said variator winding can be adjusted by means changes in value as the secondary voltage of the of a controller which controls the current in the metadyne transformer changes so that the accelvariator winding and thereby the secondary cureration ofthe motor diminishes as the spee rent flowing from the metadyne transformer to thereof approaches the desired speed. 45

the consumption or load circuit may be adjusted. In carrying out the invention preferably both Several further windings such as those known the variator excitation and the motor excitation as regulator and stabilizer" windings may be are varied in accordance with the voltage across provided, acting magnetically upon the currents metadyne brushes whereat the metadyne voltage 60 flowing in the armature. The present invention changes with the motor speed so that the accelerahowever is not concerned with such regulator tion of the motor diminishes as the speed thereof and stabilizer" windings per se. The elementary approaches the desired value. Conveniently the metadyne transformer above indicated may be variator winding and the motor field winding are modified and elaborated in many ways under the connected to those metadyne brushes across 56 "same general theory of operation. which the voltage varies inversely as the motor ing and when such exciter is employed its field Winding may be connected across the aforesaid brushes of the metadyne either in series with the variator winding the exciter supplies only the motor field winding, or vice versa. Preferably in cases where the field winding of the motor or of the exciteris supplied from the aforesaid metadyne brushes a constant component of excitation for the motor or the exciter is also provided in orderto prevent the motor field from falling to zero when the limiting speed is reached. Thus in the case where an exciter is employed, for example, this machine may have its main'field winding connected at one end to one of the brushes of the metadyne and its other end connected through respective resistances to two adjacent other brushes of the metadyne; the exciter field winding thus receives a constant component of excitation, which may be comparatively small in value, direct from the supply. Alternatively the exciter may have two field windings a main one connected as hereinbefore set forth and the other connected to a point of constant voltage, such as across the supply lines.

The present invention also comprises alternative arrangements for varying the excitation of the variator and motor field windings by other sources of appropriately varying voltage than the metadyne brushes specified above and examples of such alternative arrangements are given hereinafterr To enable the invention to be clearly understood it will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are electrical diagrams of seven different arrangements in accordance with the invention.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is an electrical diagram showing an arrangement of the apparatus according toone embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 is a diagram showing a modified arrangement wherein the motor field winding is supplied with current from an exciter;

Figure 3 is a diagram showing the invention applied to two motors and employing an exciter;

Figure 4 is a diagram showing an arrangement similar to that shown in Figure 3 but showing a variation in the exciter control;

Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating anotherembodiment of the invention and showing a further variation in the exciter arrangement;

Figure 6 is a diagram of an arrangement similar to that shown in Figure 5, but showing another variation in the exciter arrangement; and

Figure '7 is a diagram of an arrangement similar to that shown in Figures 5' and 6, but showing a further modification of the invention.

Like reference numerals are used Where possibl in the several figures.

Referring first to Fig. 1 of the drawings 1, 1 represent the 'main supply conductors giving variable current at constant voltage. These conductors may be the trolleyand ground conductors of an electric traction system. 2 represents the armature or rotor of the metadyne transformer, the yoke of which is omitted for the sake of simplicity. The four brushes co-operating with the metadyne armature are indicated at 3, 4, 5

and 6. Of these brushes one pair of brushes 'which are diametrically opposite one another such as 3 and 5, is connected between the supply lines 1 through suitable switches (not shown) whilst the other pair of brushes 4 and 6 arranged at right angles to the plane of the brushes 3 and 5 is connected to the armature '7 of a direct current motor which may be for example a traction motor.

In accordance with the present invention and as an elementary arrangement thereof the motor field winding 8 is connected in series with the variator winding 9 of the metadyne, across the brushes 4 and 5, a series resistance 10 bein included for controlling the speed of the motor 7. The motor '1 receives constant current at variable voltage. The voltage across the brushes 4 and 5 accordingly decreases as the motor speed increases. The variator winding 9 of the metadyne and the field ,winding 8 ofthe motor are thus excited inversely in accordance with the speed ofthe motor so that the acceleration of the latter diminishes as the speed thereof approaches the desired value as is ultimately determined by the setting of the rheostat 10. At the desired speed the torque or tractive effort of the motor is thus brought down so that a balance is obtained and the motor continues to run at constant speed.

In Fig. 2 of the drawings is shown an arrangement wherein the motor field winding 8 is supplied from an exciter armature 11 the field winding 12 of which is connected, through a reversing switch 13, in series with the variator winding 9 and in series with the rheostat 10, across the brushes 4 and 5 of the metadyne. This arrangement has the same effect as that of the elementary arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1'.

Referring to Fig. 3 this shows two motors 7 connected to the metadyne in what is called figure-B connection; that is to say one of the motors is connected across the brushes 5 and 6 and the other motor is connected across the brushes 3 and 4. The field windings 8 of the two motors are connected in series with one another and through the reversing switch 13 in series with the variator winding 9 to the exciter 11 which has a field winding 12 connected across the brushes 4 and 5 as in the arrangements previously described and a second field winding 14 connected across the primary brushes 3 and 5, that is to the main supply conductors 1. The field winding 14 of the exciter 11 thus suppliesa constant component which may be comparatively small namely for the purpose of preventing the fields of the motors from fall-' ing to zero when a limiting speed is reached.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 4 is similar to thatshown by Fig. 3 with the exception that the exciter .11 has a single field winding 12 one end of which is connected to the metadyne brush 5 whilst the other end is connected on the one hand through a resistance 15 to the brush 4 of the metadyne and on the other hand said field winding 12 is connected through another resistance 16 to the metadyne brush 3 or trolley conductor '1. The latter connection through the resistance 16 provides the constant component of excitation aforesaid.

In Figs. 2 to '7 inclusive the exciter 11 is indicated diagrammatically as being driven with the metadyne rotor 2 but it will be understood that the exciter may be driven .by other means such as a separate motor supplied from the line conductors 1.

In the several figures the reversing switch 13 is for the purpose of causing the motor to run at will in either direction.

In Fig. 5 the exciter 11, conveniently rotating with the metadyne transformer 2, is pro-.

. 1,987,417 vided with a field winding 1'7 which is constant- 1y excited for which purpose it is connected across the supply conductors 1. Said exciter 11 has a second field winding 18 which opposes or bucks the field winding 17 and is connected to the axle driven generator 19 having a field winding 20 which is also connected across the supply conductors 1, conveniently in series with the field winding 17 of the exciter 11. It will be appreciated that since the voltage of the axle driven generator 19 varies with the speed of the motor 7 the voltage applied to the variator winding 9 and the motor field winding 8 is requisitely reduced as the motor accelerates to the desired speed.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 6 the exciter 11 has two field windings one of which 17 is constantly excited as is the case in the arrangement shown in Fig. whilst the other field winding 21 is connected in the main primary circuit of the metadyne and opposes the field winding 1'1.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 the ex- .citer 11 has a constantly excited field winding of the motor '7. The contact member 28 operates,-

when the electro-dynamic eifort of winding 26 upon winding 27 is of sufficient strength, to shortcircuit progressively the resistance 23.

It will be understood that various minor modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, which moreover is not limited to the actual arrangements shown for providing the voltage variation of the variator winding 9 and the motor field winding 8. It is to be understood that whilst series connection of the variator winding and the motor field winding is preferred it is possible within the scope of the invention to connect these windings in parallelwith one another or to excite them independently of each other.

I claim:

1. A direct current motor equipment comprising a metadyne transformer having a stator and a rotor, means associated with said rotor for pro- :viding a primary circuit through the same, a

motor having a .field exciting winding, means also associated with said rotor for providing a secondary circuit through the same including said motor and for producing a secondary flux in said metadyne transformer, a-variator field exciting winding for said metadyne transformer arranged to affect mainly said secondary flux, meansv for causing current variations in one of said windings to produce corresponding variations of current in the other of said windings, and means for supplying both of said windings with a voltage which changes in valueas the secondary voltage of said metadyne transformer changes so that the acceleration of said motor diminishes as the speed thereof approaches the desired speed.

2. A direct current motor equipment comprising a metadyne transformer having a stator and a, rotor provided with windings and a commutator connected thereto, a primary brush set associated with said commutator, means including a secondary brush set associated with said commutator and electrically displaced from said primary brush set for producing a secondary fiux, a variator field exciting winding on said stator arranged to affect mainly said secondary fiux, a motor connected across said secondary brush set and having a field exciting winding, means for producing variations in current in one of said windings corresponding to variations in current in the other of said windings, and means for supplying both of said windings with a voltage which changes in value as, the secondary voltage of said metadyne transformer changes so that the acceleration of said motor diminishes as the speed thereof approaches the desired speed.

3. A direct current motor equipment comprising a metadyne transformer having a stator and a rotor provided with a winding and a commutator connected thereto, a motor having a field exciting winding, a variator field exciting winding for said metadyne transformer, means including brushes associated with said commutator for supplying current to said motor, brushes associated with said commutator and including at least one of the brushes supplying current to said motor arranged to produce a voltage changing with the voltage across said last mentioned brushes so that the acceleration of said motor diminishes as the speed thereof approaches the desired speed. v i

4. A direct current motor equipment comprising a metadyne transformer having a stator and a rotor provided with a winding and a commutator connected thereto, a motor having a field exciting winding, 2, variator field exciting winding for said metadyne transformer, means ineluding brushes associated with said commutator for supplying current to said motor, brushes associated with said commutator including at least one of said brushes supplying current to said motor arranged to produce a voltage varying inversely with the speed of said motor, and means connected across said last mentioned brushes for causing variation of both the variator excitation and the excitation of said motor in accordance with the voltage across said last mentioned brushes so that the acceleration of said motor diminishes as the speed thereof approaches the desired speed.

5. A direct current motor equipment comprising a metadyne transformer having a stator and a rotor, means associated with said rotor for providing a primary circuit through the same, a motor having a field exciting winding, means also associated with said rotor for providing a secondary circuit through the same including said motor and for producing a secondary flux in said metadyne transformer, a variator field exciting winding for said metadyne transformer arranged to aflect mainly said secondary flux, means connecting said winding in series for causing current variations in one of said windings to produce corresponding variations of current in the other of said windings, and means for supplying both of said windings with a voltage which changes in value as the secondary voltage of said metadyne transformer changes so that the acceleration of said motor diminishes as the speed thereof approaches the desired speed.

6. A direct current motor equipment compriswinding for said metadyne transformer arranged to affect said secondary flux, means for causing current variations in one of said windings to produce corresponding variations of current in the other of said windings, means for producing a substantially constant component of excitation in at least one of said windings, and means forsupplying both of said windings with a voltage which changes in value as the secondary voltage of said metadyne transformer changes so that the acceleration of said motor diminishes as the speed thereof approaches the desired speed.

'l. A direct current motor equipment comprising a metadyne transformer having a stator and a rotor provided with windings and a commutator connected thereto, a primary brush set associated with said commutator, means including a secondary brush set associated with said commutator and electrically displaced from said primary brush set for producing a secondary flux, a variator field exciting winding on said stator arranged to affect said secondary flux, a motorconnected across one of said secondary brushes and one of the other of said brushes and having a field exciting winding, means for producing variations in current in one of said windings corresponding to variations in current in the other of said windings, means for supplying bothof said windings with a voltage which changes in value as the secondary voltage of said metadyne transformer changes so that the acceleration of said motor diminishes as the speed thereof approaches the desired speed, said last mentioned means including an exciter, and means connected across said brushes and including one of said 20 primary brushes for exciting said exciter.

GIUSEPPE MASSIMO PESTARINI. 

